Enrichment of Microalgae with Vitamins for Aquaculture and Food Industries Using Nannochloropsis, Tetraselmis and Isochrysis Species (A Review)

Abstract

Microalgae play an important role as a source of
nutrient in aquaculture and food industries due to their high
content of protein, vitamins, carbohydrate and lipid. They also
have therapeutic uses owing to their antitumoral, antiviral,
antifungal and antibacterial activities. Tetraselmis species are
ellipsoidal, brightly green and spore forming algal massively
cultivated on guillard media best known for its cytotoxic
properties due to high concentration of omega 3 fatty acid. It is
an important alga commonly used as live food in aquaculture.
Nannochloropsis species were found to have supplements in lying
hen’s diet for the production of enriched egg and meat with
Omega 3 fatty acid. Isochroysis species cells lost their capacity to
divide and became enlarged, with a reduction in the content of
photosynthetic pigment and photosynthetic capacity when grown
in batch culture for a prolonged period. In order to produce a
microalgae enriched with high vitamin content, supply of
nutritionally balanced mixture of nutrients must be sufficient,
production cost must be reduce, as well as the response to
different environmental factors.